Browsing by Subject "Child rearing"
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Item A Comparison of Two Approaches To Parent Skills Training: Parent-Child Participation Versus Parents Only(Texas Tech University, 1979-08) Henderson, Nancy D'AnnNot Available.Item A follow-up comparison of two approaches to parent education: parent-child participation versus parents only(Texas Tech University, 1979-08) Shamburger, Jack CraigNot availableItem Cross-national comparison of parenting attitudes: women's and men's attitudes towards participation of household tasks and childcare(Texas Tech University, 1999-12) Apparala, Malathi LathaStudying attitudes is very important because attitudes often predict actual behavior. Attitudes might be the cause of many unresolved conflicts in families and may be related to marital satisfaction. Attitudes toward participation in household tasks and childcare by fathers and mothers were explored using Resource Theory, Social Role Theory, and Postmaterialism/Materialism. Individual-level, family-level, and macro-level hypotheses were formulated to test the basic assumptions of these theories. The present study utilized data from Euro-Barometer surveys including data from 15,136 individuals residing in 13 countries in Europe. Analysis procedures included simple correlations and multi-level regression equations. On the whole, the study clearly indicated that men's and women's attitudes toward household tasks and childcare are related to various individual, and macro-level factors. It was found that at the individual level respondents held egalitarian attitudes towards household work and childcare when they were younger, were female and held liberal political attitudes. At the country level, gender empowerment, GNP, and individualism were related to egalitarian attitudes towards household work and childcare. When looking at results separately by gender, social class was positively related to egalitarian attitudes towards household work and childcare in women. Few of the hypotheses were not supported, which might be because of methodological and conceptual problems. Researchers should consider replicating the results to support these findings. Study implications, strengths and weaknesses, as well as suggestions for future research were addressed.Item Family communication structures and parental control of children's television viewing.(Texas Tech University, 1975-12) Mangold, Peggy KincannonNot availableItem Parenting practices of lesbian mothers : an examination of the socialization of children in planned lesbian-headed families(2008-05) Gipson, Cynthia Kay, 1970-; Suizzo, Marie-AnneWhile research indicates that children reared in households headed by lesbian parents are no more likely to be teased or bullied than children from other households, lesbian mothers feel it is necessary to socialize their children as if they were. Twenty lesbian mothers with at least one child between the ages of eight months and 17 years old from the central Texas area were selected for this study. The mothers came from a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds and diverse socioeconomic statuses. This study was qualitative in nature, using primarily grounded theory methods. The mothers were interviewed using a semi-structured format regarding their socialization strategies. Themes emerging from the interviews were that mothers went to great lengths to secure parenthood. They engaged in both direct and indirect socialization strategies. They considered their children to be members of the gay community and emphasized contact with 'families like theirs.' They felt that their families were normal yet possessed some distinct advantages and had some unique concerns. Finally, they had egalitarian relationships in terms of the division of paid labor, household tasks, and childcare, with a focus on spending the most amount of time possible with their children. Racial and ethnic socialization literature was used as a framework for this study. The similarity between participant's responses and racial and ethnic socialization theory led to the development of a model of "Alternative Family Socialization." Similar to racial or ethnic socialization, "Alternative Family Socialization" involves preparing minority children to thrive in the majority culture. Mothers stated that they prepare their children for bias by encouraging them to take pride in their family, accessing support from the gay community, encouraging the development of positive self-concepts, encouraging open communication, and teaching them how to access support. Future directions for research include further development of the model of "Alternative Family Socialization" such as how this model might explain gay men rearing children. Also future research focusing on how children of lesbian parents perceive themselves within the gay community is suggested.Item The social-cognitive underpinnings of effective caregiving(2007-05) Hawk, Carol Kozak, 1958-; Holden, George W.Item The social-cognitive underpinnings of effective caregiving(2007) Hawk, Carol Kozak; Holden, George W.Item The effect of videotape modeling on parent child interaction training(Texas Tech University, 1989-05) Jacobs, Claire EllenThe mental health field faces a steadily increasing demand for services and traditional methods seem unlikely to meet that demand. The search for more effective and more efficient approaches to mental health problems has intensified. Increased use of paraprofessionals and nonprofessionals has resulted along with attempts to develop improved, cost-effective and time-efficient techniques. One such approach has been training parents to use behavior modification techniques to deal with their children's behavior problems, Parent-Child Interaction Training (PCIT) is one program designed to teach parents general techniques for modifying parent-child interaction patterns. This approach attempts to establish mutually-rewarding relationships, while decreasing children's noncompliant and maladaptive behaviors through the use of positive and negative behavioral consequences. Research into the most effective use and application of PCIT has only recently gained momentum, particularly that focusing on the acquisition of the behavior modification skills by the parents. One area of promise may be the utilization of videotape modeling in PCIT. The present study examined the relative effectiveness of traditional live modeling versus videotape modeling of skills taught in PCIT. Mothers were taught PCIT skills through one of the two modes of presentation. Performance before and after treatment was analyzed to determine if there was a difference between presentation modes. Results indicated no difference in effect between the two presentation modes and neither yielded significant effects. However, when presentation form was ignored, PCIT training produced changes. However, methodological compromises preclude any assured inference from these findings and a less equivocal replication is warranted before firm conclusions can be drawn, Nonetheless, the promise of videotape-mediated enhancement of parenting skills remains a viable question.Item The effectiveness of programmed material as a method for assisting parents in regulating consummatory behavior in children(Texas Tech University, 1970-08) Riebold, Floyd EdmondBehavior modification programs have been abundantly demonstrated in clinics and institutions. However, few investigators have extended such programs into the home. The trend of these investigations is to train the parents to be the modifiers of the child's behavior and to use the home as the therapeutic setting. These parents have been trained for this purpose by such methods as experimenter demonstrations, group training sessions in the clinic, video tape feedback, and programmed textbooks. Although investigators have demonstrated the effectiveness of the technique, they have done so by using one or a few subjects; furthermore, they have been directly involved with the parent and subject. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the means of effecting, by correspondence, a behavior modification program in the home that would not directly involve the experimenter. This method necessitated the development of correspondence materials. The Behavior Identification Scale (BIS) was developed to identify troublesome behavior in children. The BIS was sent to 95 parents of children attending the Institute of Logopedics. Of the 19 parent-child units who met the selection criteria, ten and nine were assigned to Experimental and Control Groups, respectively. The Experimental subjects received two independent variables: (1) a programmed text, Programmed Instructions For Regulating Consummatory Behavior In Children, written especially for the study (the basic proposition was that preparatory behavior would be easily regulated by parents who control consummatory-setting events in the home); and (2) a treatment plan, with step-by-step instruction on how to modify a specific, troublesome behavior. Both groups received and returned weekly record sheets from which behavioral results were graphically plotted. An attitude measure was obtained from the parents' rating of the child's behavior before and after the experiment. Other data consisted of a distribution analysis made from BIS responses for levels of concern and categories of consummatory behavior, and a compliance measure obtained from the extent to which parents returned materials. Several conclusions were drawn from the results of the study. (1) Parents of the children attending an habilitative institution showed a willingness to participate in a hometype behavior modification program. Well over 50% of the parents responded to survey materials and agreed to participate in the program. (2) Target behaviors were easily identified by the correspondence method. (3) Parents were taught by the correspondence method to observe their child's behavior, effect the treatment plan, and record the behavior. However, additional means of motivating the parents to follow instructions and return the materials are needed. (4) Parents made use of the programmed material, agreed with its principles, but tended not to write in their responses. (5) Overall, parents were negligent in returning the correspondence materials. The parents' failure to return the materials proved to be a serious shortcoming for a home-type behavior modification program. However, positive results were obtained when parents complied with the conditions of the program and returned the materials. (6) Record keeping alone tended to change the parent's attitude, but not the child's behavior. Under control conditions, parents' attitudes decreased in strength toward the troublesome behavior, but the decrease was relatively small when compared to attitude changes of parents under the experimental conditions. Only minor or no behavioral changes occurred under control conditions. (7) Only Experimental subjects showed a pronounced behavioral change. The expected change occurred when parents complied with conditions of the program.Item Total quality management and parenting styles: a test of the spillover model(Texas Tech University, 1997-12) Chisholm, Karrie A.Work and family are two of the primary components of adult life. The relationship among dimensions of work and family life are of increasing importance as more families are confronted with demands from both environments. As of 1993, 50% of all families in the U.S. were being maintained by two or more workers (Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1996), with the proportion of working families expected to increase. Such statistics indicate that the importance of examining work/family relationships is greater than ever before. Although researchers have examined work and family issues for several decades, much of the research focused on these domains independently. Research on work examined the relationship between job characteristics and worker outcomes. For example, Gecas and Seff (1989) found that complexity of work was positively related to self-evaluations. Other dimensions of the work environment, such as supervisors' consideration behaviors, task variety, and job stmcture, are positively related to work quality and satisfaction (Martin & Hanson, 1985; Gilmore, Beehr, & Richter, 1979). In tum, work characteristics such as routinization, low autonomy, close supervision, and low demand for complex work, were inversely related to self-esteem, personal control, and intellectual flexibility (Gecas & Seff, 1989; Mortimer & Borman, 1988; Kohn & Schooler, 1973).