Browsing by Subject "Change Order"
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Item Quantifying Causes, Schedule, and Cost Impacts of Change Orders: "Is Alternative Contracting Really Effective?"(2014-04-30) Han, NelsonThe most professions who are engaged in the highway construction industry would commonly concur with an idea that the project cannot be delivered with no change. Regardless of considering different contract methods or what so ever, contract change orders (CCO) are yet inevitable due to unforeseen utility conflicts, unpredicted geology, and other unanticipated conditions. No matter of the project location and/or condition, the CCO negatively affects the project in aspects of project cost and schedule. The main purpose of this study is to carefully examine the influences of change orders in infrastructure development projects in the schedule and cost aspects. The aim of this study starts with collecting Florida Department of Transportation?s (FDOT) 9 years of solid data that contains abundant information of CCO in highway projects completed in the state of Florida. In addition to the data, it contains 2,990 infrastructure projects completed between 2002 and 2011, 43,000 change order types, 8 contract methods including conventional (D/B/B), Design-Build (D/B), Incentive/Disincentive (I/D), No Excuse Bonus, Lump Sum, etc., and 7 major types of projects. These detailed and vast data was utilized to evaluate each method's performances affecting projects on cost and schedule aspects by carrying quantitative analysis, such as graphs, box plots, etc. Lastly, the research hypothesis test, which utilized regression analyses, Q-Q plots, scatterplot matrixes, etc., was conducted to verify the data variation, normal distribution, equal variances, correlation, etc. The research results reveal that the innovative methods perform better than conventional in aspects of saving project cost and time. In addition to the innovative methods, D/B is the most effective method that saves both cost and time of projects. I/D compresses project duration but often causes project cost overrun. And Lump Sum significantly saves the project cost but causes project schedule overrun. This study will help interstate transportation agencies with a proper guideline to choose an ideal delivery or contracting method for a project. By providing the information of each method?s advantages and disadvantages, it is expected to significantly reduce the agencies? time and expenses required to deliver projects.Item Quantifying the Effectiveness of Innovative Contracting Strategies on Schedule, Cost and Change Order(2013-08-01) Gaur, AnkitThe transportation infrastructure systems in the United States were built between the 50's and 80's, with 20 years design life. As most of them already exceeded their original life expectancy, State Transportation Agencies (STAs) are now under increased pressure to rebuild deteriorated transportation networks. Over the recent years, state transportation agencies (STAs) have taken into consideration various project delivery approaches apart from conventional project delivery approach to expedite project delivery. Since the introduction of these new alternative delivery approaches, not many substantial studies were conducted that evaluated the performance of these new alternatives. The absence of systematic studies about the effectiveness of these strategies and lack of appropriate analytical tools to evaluate them inhibits the STAs from budgeting precisely and accurately these strategies when they are deliberated for being put into practice. This study tries to address these limitations by evaluating the effectiveness of these strategies. The major objectives of this research were: 1) to evaluate the impact of contracting strategies on dealing with change orders 2) to evaluate the performance of different contracting strategies under varied work type for the state of Florida . For this research the study was conducted to quantify the changes to project duration and cost caused by change orders in the project under different contracting strategies and type of work. This was done through evaluating 2844 completed transportation infrastructure projects, completed between 2002 and 2011 in the state of Florida. These projects comprised of both the conventional projects and innovative alternative projects. The data was then statistically analyzed for evaluating the performance of these contracting strategies. The research concluded that alternative contracting strategies perform much better than conventional contracting in controlling project schedule but are found not to be as effective in controlling the project cost growth. The study also established that project size and work type affect the effectiveness of the contracting strategies. The study indicates that A+B is the worst performing contracting strategy among all the strategies evaluated. The results of this study will help the STAs to make better informed decision regarding selection of contracting strategy for project delivery.