Browsing by Subject "Carcass"
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Item Effects of hydroxy methyl-thio buanoic acid (Alimet) on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle and on fermendation in a contiuous culture system(Texas Tech University, 2006-12) Wilson, Kristopher R.Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding graded levels of hydroxy methyl-thio butanoic acid (HMB); (Alimet; Novus Int., Inc., St. Louis, MO) on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers and on fermentation in a continuous-culture system. In Exp. 1, 160 steers (average BW; 384.9 kg; SD = 26.9 kg ) were blocked by body weight (BW) into eight blocks and assigned to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block experimental design. The following four diets were fed, 1) Control, (0% Alimet); 2) 0.069% Alimet; 3) 0.137% Alimet and 4) 0.204% Alimet. Final BW decreased linearly (P = 0.069), adjusted final BW decreased linearly (P = 0.063) and average daily gain decreased linearly (P = 0.099) as the percentage of Alimet in the diet increased. No significant (P > 0.10) linear or quadratic effects of Alimet dose were noted for any of the carcass measurements collected in this study In Exp. 2, 80 steers (average BW 431.5 kg; SD = 42.2 kg) were blocked by BW into eight blocks and assigned to two dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatment diets were a Control (0 % Alimet) and an Alimet diet, with increasing concentrations of Alimet until 15 g/steer daily was achieved. Dry matter intake in the Alimet group tended (P = 0.132) to differ from intake than Controls. Gain:feed ratio was less (P = 0.046) with Alimet added to the diet than for Control for the d 0 to 56 period. No differences were detected in carcass measurements between the two treatments. A continuous culture system was used to determine the effects of Alimet on ruminal fermentation in Exp. 3 in two dietary treatments: Control (0% Alimet) and Alimet (0.24% Alimet). No ruminal digestibility, pH, ammonia, or fatty acid differences where were detected in Exp. 3; however, the molar proportion of valerate was greater (P = 0.05) for Control vs. Alimet. There also was a trend (P = 0.12) for a greater acetate:propionate ratio for the Control cultures. Results suggest that Alimet has the potential to be used as an intake limiting/control agent for use with finishing beef cattle fed high-concentrate diets based on steam-flaked corn. However, a better understanding of the cause for decreased DMI by finishing beef cattle fed Alimet is needed.Item Interaction of Optaflexx® and terminal implant window on growth performance and carcass characteristics in heifers fed to harvest(2012-08) Jennings, Aaron; Johnson, Bradley J.; Miller, Markus F.; Vogel, Gary J.Objectives were to evaluate the interaction of ractopamine hydrochloride (OPT) and timing of terminal implant administration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, serum metabolites and steroid hormones of finishing beef heifers. A 3x2 factorial randomized complete block design was used with 2 levels of OPT and 3 different durations of terminal implant windows for a total of 6 treatment groups with 9 replications. British x Continental heifers (n=216; 341.6 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 54 pens (9 pens/treatment; 6 pens/block; 4 heifers/pen). The main effects of treatment were implant [TE-200 w/ Tylan (200 mg TBA + 24 mg E2) administered 140 d from slaughter (TI140); 100 d (TI100); and 60 d (TI60)] and OPT (0 or 200 mg/hd/d). Individual BW was collected at 0, 40, 80, 112, and 140 d and DMI recorded. No implant x OPT interactions were detected, so only main effects are reported. Average daily gain (0.14 kg/d difference), predicted carcass ADG (0.24 kg/d difference), HCW (5.6-kg difference) was increased (P<0.05) by OPT, but DMI was not affected. Heifers fed OPT tended (P≤0.09) to have a larger LMA (0.96 cm2 difference) and reduced marbling score. OPT supplementation decreased (P<0.05) Prime and Choice carcasses 16.5%. No affect of OPT was found on 12th-rib fat and KPH (P>0.10). Progesterone and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were decreased (P<0.05) by OPT. No differences (P>0.10) in Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) were detected at d 3, 7, and 21 although at 14 d postmortem WBSF values of the OPT steaks were higher (0.45 kg; P<0.05). During the first 40 d on trial, ADG of the TI140 and TI100 groups was increased (P<0.05) compared to the TI60 (0.34 kg/d; 0.18 kg/d difference, respectively). From d 40-80, the TI100 had a higher ADG (P<0.05) than all other implant treatment 5 groups. TI60 had a higher ADG (P<0.05) than TI100 and TI140 from d 80-112. Predicted carcass ADG mirrored live ADG advantages (P<0.05). No differences (P>0.10) in DMI, final BW, carcass parameters, or WBSF were observed among the three implant strategies. Administering terminal implant decreased (P<0.05) BUN levels. Results from this study demonstrated that OPT, when fed to heifers, increased ADG, calculated carcass ADG, and HCW with minimal impact on carcass quality. Furthermore, this study indicated the duration of the terminal implant window did not affect overall performance, final BW, or carcass quality.Item Performance evaluation, carcass characterization, and palatability assessment of hair sheep(2005-08) Schilling, Bradley J.; Brooks, Chance J.; Jackson, Samuel P.; Miller, Markus F.; Galyean, Michael L.; Pond, Kevin R.Wether lambs and kids from five crossbred breed groups: 50% Rambouillet x 25% St. Croix x 25% Dorper (RR) (n = 20); 25% Rambouillet x 37.5% St.Croix x 37.5% Dorper (SD) (n = 19); 50% Barbados Blackbelly x 25% St. Croix x 25% Dorper (BB) (n = 20); 7/8 Dorper x 1/8 Barbados Blackbelly (DD) (n = 16); and Boer x Spanish goats (GG) (n = 20), were used to analyze dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency. The animals were blocked by body weight and assigned to one of three pens per breed group. The hair sheep were fed a concentrate diet (% concentrate and primary grain/roughage) ad libitum until a common weight endpoint was obtained. The Boer x Spanish goats also were fed ad libitum, although on a pelleted diet formulated specifically for goats. The target weight endpoints for the hair sheep and goats were 53 and 36 kg, respectively. Feed was weighed daily to determine intake. Animals were weighed on day 0 and weekly thereafter to determine body weight gain and feed efficiency. The SD and RR breed groups possessed the greatest ADG (P < 0.05) out of the five breed groups, gaining approximately 0.35 kg/day. The GG and the BB group statistically gained the least weight per day (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the SD, RR, and DD when analyzing feed efficiency, all performing the highest in this comparison. The BB group had the poorest feed efficiency (P<0.05), requiring 6.8 kg feed for 1kg of live weight gain, and thereby performing lower than the goat group. With these findings, it is evident that breed profile somewhat played a role in performance characteristics, as the two breed groups with Rambouillet influence seemed to outperform the other groups. This, in part, could be due to the additional mature frame size that is associated with the Rambouillet genetics, thereby increasing the live weight gain of the animals.Item Performance evaluation, carcass characterization, and palatability assessment of hair sheep(Texas Tech University, 2005-08) Schilling, Bradley J.; Brooks, Chance J.; Jackson, Samuel P.; Miller, Markus F.; Galyean, Michael L.; Pond, Kevin R.Wether lambs and kids from five crossbred breed groups: 50% Rambouillet x 25% St. Croix x 25% Dorper (RR) (n = 20); 25% Rambouillet x 37.5% St.Croix x 37.5% Dorper (SD) (n = 19); 50% Barbados Blackbelly x 25% St. Croix x 25% Dorper (BB) (n = 20); 7/8 Dorper x 1/8 Barbados Blackbelly (DD) (n = 16); and Boer x Spanish goats (GG) (n = 20), were used to analyze dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency. The animals were blocked by body weight and assigned to one of three pens per breed group. The hair sheep were fed a concentrate diet (% concentrate and primary grain/roughage) ad libitum until a common weight endpoint was obtained. The Boer x Spanish goats also were fed ad libitum, although on a pelleted diet formulated specifically for goats. The target weight endpoints for the hair sheep and goats were 53 and 36 kg, respectively. Feed was weighed daily to determine intake. Animals were weighed on day 0 and weekly thereafter to determine body weight gain and feed efficiency. The SD and RR breed groups possessed the greatest ADG (P < 0.05) out of the five breed groups, gaining approximately 0.35 kg/day. The GG and the BB group statistically gained the least weight per day (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the SD, RR, and DD when analyzing feed efficiency, all performing the highest in this comparison. The BB group had the poorest feed efficiency (P<0.05), requiring 6.8 kg feed for 1kg of live weight gain, and thereby performing lower than the goat group. With these findings, it is evident that breed profile somewhat played a role in performance characteristics, as the two breed groups with Rambouillet influence seemed to outperform the other groups. This, in part, could be due to the additional mature frame size that is associated with the Rambouillet genetics, thereby increasing the live weight gain of the animals.