Browsing by Subject "Brain damage"
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Item Neuropsychological impairments associated with antisocial personality and alcoholism(Texas Tech University, 1997-05) Barrette, HeleneThe present study sought to extend previous research on neuropsychological impairments associated with antisocial personality and alcoholism in two ways. First, this study tried to clarify contradictory results among studies by providing a better homogeneity of subjects. A clear distinction between diagnoses of alcoholism, antisocial personality disorder, and antisocial behaviors was made. Second, previous research suggests an association between localization of brain impairments with clinical diagnoses. The present study tried to clarify hypotheses relating diffuse brain impairments with alcoholism, and frontal lobe impairments with antisocial personality disorder. Subjects were classified into one of five groups: (1) ALC, (2) ASPD, (3) ALC+AS, (4) ASPD+ALC, and (5) control group-AS, and were asked to complete several neuropsychological tests. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between alcoholic and antisocial subjects on each of the neuropsychological test measure. However, discriminant analysis showed that, when the neuropsychological variables were considered together, six of the 13 measures were able to correctly classified 80.65% of alcoholic and antisocial subjects. Antisocial personality disorder tended to be associated with frontal lobe deficits but no definitive conclusion could be reached in regard to the hypothesis that alcoholism may produce diffuse brain impairments. Due to the small sample size, results found in this study are tentative and further research is needed to assess the generalization of the present findings to other population samples.Item Reliability and practice effects on the Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological battery and the Revised Wechsler memory scale(Texas Tech University, 1983-05) Campbell, Brian RossThis study was designed to examine the reliability of equivalent and parallel forms of two representative neuropsychological tests: the Revised Wechsler Memory Scale (RWMS) created by Elbert W. Russell (1975) and the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LN) developed by Charles J. Golden and his colleagues (Golden, Hammeke, & Purisch, 1978; Golden, Purisch, & Hammeke, 1978, 1979; Lewis, Golden, Moses, Osmon, Purisch, & Hammeke, 1979; Osmon, Golden, Purisch, Hammeke, & Blume, 1979; Purisch, Golden, & Hammeke, 1978). Although studies have been conducted which explore the reliability of Golden's scoring procedure, the split-half reliability of the original form of the battery, and the test-retest reliabilities of the 14 clinical scales, no research has been conducted to cross-validate these results or to examine the reliability of using parallel forms. Information concerning the internal consistency of the Luria-Nebraska, as well as test reliability, standard error(s) of measurement, and practice effects are vitally important for clinicians interested in employing neuropsychological instruments on a repeated basis to evaluate a patient's process of recovery from brain damage. The examination of the reliability of parallel test forms is particularly valuable since this reliability procedure is "the most rigorous" test of the accuracy of an assessment device (Thorndike & Hagen, 1961, p. 178).