Browsing by Subject "Body composition"
Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Assessment of body composition : total, central, and regional adiposity via stereovision body imaging(2014-08) Lee, Jane Jaeyon; Freeland-Graves, Jeanne H.; Xu, Bugao; Jolly, Christopher; Finnell, Richard; Tanaka, HirofumiThis research utilized stereovision body imaging (SBI) as a method for determining total, central and regional body composition. In Aim 1, prediction equations for abdominal adiposity were developed via anthropometrics, SBI, and magnetic resonance imaging. R2 for total abdominal, subcutaneous, and visceral adiposity were 89.9%, 90.4% and 71.7%, respectively. The prediction of visceral fat was improved when SBI was included as a method. In Aim 2, body size and shape of men and women, as well as risks associated with accumulation of visceral adiposity, were determined by body measurements via SBI. Men had higher total body, torso and abdomen-hip volumes and waist circumference, while women exhibited greater thigh volume, hip circumference, and lower body-volume ratios (p<0.05), while the BMI values for men and women did not differ (p>0.05). Thigh to torso [odds ratios (OR) 0.44] and abdomen-hip (OR 0.41) volume ratios were associated with decreased risks of accumulating visceral adiposity. SBI was effective for determination of body size and shape and the prediction of visceral adiposity accumulation in adults. In Aim 3, the efficacy of body measurements assessed by SBI was explored for the determination of android and gynoid body fat via SBI and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The R2 of the mathematical equations established by body measurements assessed via SBI for fat mass and percent body fat were 93.2% and 76.4% for android, and 91.4% and 66.5% for gynoid, respectively. These prediction values indicate that SBI is good for estimation of android and gynoid body fat mass; but less effective for percent body fat. An improved understanding of human body composition was achieved by this research.Item Comparison of circumference-based equation and air displacement plethysmography to assess body fat percentage and evaluation of intervention for Army ROTC cadets to meet body composition standards.(2015-04-08) Hagood, Renae T. 1990-; Weems, Mary Kate Halbert.This study was designed to determine the correlation between manual anthropometric measurements that are used in the United States Army to determine body fat percentage and measurements taken using the BOD POD. Additionally, this study investigated the effectiveness of a fitness and nutritional intervention program in reducing the number of cadets not meeting the Army standard for body fat percentage. Ten adults participated from Baylor University Army ROTC. Body fat percentage data were collected from the Army Physical Fitness Test Scorecard (DA Form 705) and the BOD POD. Diet and exercise journals were used in the intervention program. Finally, a post study survey was conducted. There was a significant difference in the manual anthropometric and BOD POD body fat percentages, not in the cadet’s favor. A downward trend was observed in body fat percentage for intervention cadets. However, more time could be needed to meet body composition standards.Item Comparison of five methods for estimating percent body fat in men(Texas Tech University, 1987-08) Johnson, LeeannaFive methods of measuring percent body fat were assessed in 70 healthy military men (mean age 31.6 years). Included were underwater weighing (UWW); skinfolds (SF), sum of triceps (TSF), subscapula (SSSF) and chest (using the Jackson and Pollock equations); TSF, SSSF and TSF/SSSF (using the Durnin and Wemersley equations); circumferences (CC), neck and abdomen (Department of Navy Method), body mass index (BMI), kg/m and bioelectrical impedance (BI). Additionally, frame size was assessed by elbow breadth (EB), height/wrist circumference ratio (H/W) measurements and by self-estimation. Correlations between UWW and each of the methods were: SF, r=0.87; TSF, r=0.83; SSSF, r=0.79; TSF/SSSF, r=0.85; CC, r=0.85; BMI, r=0.74 and BI, r=0.73. Agreement between EB and H/W in determining frame size was 47%. Incidence of agreement for ER and H/W with self-estimation was 44% and 46%, respectively. It was concluded from the findings that the best predictor of percent body fat was SF, r=0.87. However, the CC method appears mere practical and easier for the unskilled practitioner, r=0.85.Item The efficacy of Nexersys training for improving body composition and cardiovascular fitness(2013-05) Saeugling, Lee Daniel; Coyle, Edward F., 1952-Purpose: This is the first study done to determine the efficacy of 10-weeks of Nexersys training on improving cardiovascular fitness (CF) and body composition (BC). Nexersys is an "exergaming" system that combines mixed martial arts, high-intensity interval training and core work into an interactive unit with a monitor and 7-strike pads. Participants were provided a Nexersys unit in their homes to complete 10-weeks of training 3 to 4 times a week progressing from 5, 3-min rounds with a minute rest to 15 rounds at the end of 10-weeks. Participants were tested on 3 separate occasions, prior to beginning training (0wk), at 5-weeks (5wk) and 10-weeks (10wk). Body mass (BM), percent body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). CF was assessed during a 10-round Nexersys bout (NB) and a VO2max treadmill (VO2max) test. CF during NB and VO2max treadmill test was assessed by using regression analysis to determine the estimated average heart rate for a range of VO2 10-25 ml/kg/min (HRN) and 10-30 ml/kg/min (HRV) respectively. Results and Conclusion: Relative to starting values, BM did not change (79.8 ± 7.9 to 79.7 ± 7.5 kg). %BF and FM decreased from starting values (36.0 ± 3.4% to 34.1 ± 5.3%, p=0.003 and 30.0 ± 4.9 kg to 28.4 ± 4.6 kg, p=0.045, respectively). LM increased from starting values (46.7 ± 3.5kg to 48.4 ± 3.6kg, p=0.001). HRN and HRV decreased from starting (148 ± 2.7 to 140.8 ± 1.9 bpm, p=0.003 and 148 ± 1.8 to 140.1 ± 1.8 bpm, p=0.003, respectively). VO2max trended to increase but did not reach statistical significance (33.9 ± 1.7 to 36.3 ± 1.7 ml/kg/min, p=0.054). These findings suggest 10-weeks of Nexersys training improves body composition both by increasing LM and decreasing BF with no change in BM. CF improved at submaximal intensities.Item The effects of betaine supplementation on strength and power adaptations following an 8-week resistance training program(2011-08) Martin, Will M; Boros, Rhonda L.; Gonzales, Joaquin U.; Sawyer, Robert D.Betaine has been shown to play a crucial role in human nutrition, as well as being known to improve athletic performance. Short-term supplementation of betaine has been shown to increase muscular strength, power, and endurance during a single bout of resistance exercise. However, no long term studies (greater than 4 wks) have examined the effects of betaine supplementation on performance measures. Additionally, no studies have examined the influence of betaine in strength-trained individuals participating in a resistance training program. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of betaine supplementation on training adaptations in college-aged males after an 8-week resistance training program. Body composition, bench press and squat 1-RM, bench press and squat repetitions to exhaustion (75% 1-RM), vertical jump power, and profile of moods states questionnaire were examined pre- and post-training. Eleven subjects were randomly assigned to a betaine or placebo group before undergoing an 8-week supplementation and resistance training program. The supplementation was administered in a double-blind fashion to minimize bias of the results. Although there were improvements in muscular strength and vertical jump power in both groups, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in any of these outcome variables between groups. It appears that betaine supplementation coupled with an 8-week resistance training program does not have an effect on strength and power adaptations over and above that of the training program itself.Item Three dimensional body imaging for assessment of body composition(2010-05) Pepper, Margery Reese; Freeland-Graves, Jeanne H.; Xu, Bugao; Hursting, Stephen; Ciolino, Henry; Tanaka, HirofumiThis research evaluated photonic imaging devices for assessment of body size and shape. In aim one, laser imaging measurements of circumference, volume, and % fat were examined in 70 women. Bland-Altman analysis indicated minimal error in girth of the waist and hip by laser imaging as compared to tape measure (95% limits of agreement for waist, -2.02-2.29 cm; hip, -3.39-2.90 cm). Volume by laser imaging was related to hydrodensitometry (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), and % fat estimates were not significantly different from hydrodensitometry or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (3.95 ± 1.74, 32.54 ± 1.28, and 35.86 ± 1.06, respectively, p > 0.05). In aim two, 120 adults were evaluated via stereovision imaging. Stereovision was significantly related to volume by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and hydrodensitometry (R² > 0.99, p < 0.01). However, Bland-Altman analysis indicated variations in body fat between stereovision and ADP (95% limits of agreement, -16.77-16.05 kg). Therefore, aim three was development of a prediction equation to estimate fat from 13 stereovision measurements of body size and shape. These parameters combined to form upper and lower body factor scores, which, with gender, predicted 88.6% of variation in fat mass by ADP (p < 0.01). The equation improved 95% limits of agreement from -16.77-16.05 kg via direct volume measurement to -11.47-8.45 kg compared to ADP. Finally, in aim four, a subset of 56 women from aim two was evaluated for visceral fat by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Visceral fat was compared to a new indicator of abdominal adiposity via stereovision imaging: central obesity depth. Central obesity depth was correlated with visceral fat, following adjustment for age and ethnicity (r = 0.75, p < 0.01). Additionally, each 1 cm rise in central obesity depth raised the odds of being in the high versus low visceral fat tertile (Odds Ratio 8.59, 95% Confidence Interval 1.33-55.63, p < 0.05). Thus, both laser and stereovision body imaging appear to be valid techniques for evaluation of body size and shape. Furthermore, central obesity depth is a promising new measurement for assessment of visceral adiposity.