Browsing by Subject "Blood pressure"
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Item Acute hemodynamic responses to yoga exercise(2010-08) Miles, Steven Charles, 1980-; Tanaka, Hirofumi, Ph. D.; Farrar, Roger P.The primary purpose of the present study was to determine the acute hemodynamic responses to twenty-three select yoga postures in advanced and novice yoga practitioners. Additionally, we sought to determine if trunk flexibility is related to arterial stiffness. Using a cross-sectional study design, 37 apparently healthy adults (26 females and 11 males; 22-71 years old) were divided into two groups according to level of yoga experience. Beat-to-beat measures of blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac work-load, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were measured using a finger plethysmograph during the yoga routine. Baseline measures of trunk flexibility (sit-and-reach scores and inclinometer measurements) and arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity) were also compared. Yoga postures elicited significant increases in heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output (P<0.05) for both groups. There was no difference in blood pressure responses between the two groups throughout the yoga testing session. Lumbar flexion, as measured by an inclinometer, was significantly (P<0.01) and inversely associated with cfPWV (r=-0.52).Item Assessing the effects of the holiday season on body weight, body fat percentage, and blood pressure(2012-05) Fortenberry, Meagan; Cooper, Jamie A.; Boylan, Lee M.; Reed, DebraBackground: Longitudinal studies among U.S. adults show that average weight gain is 1kg per year. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the Holiday Season (Thanksgiving to New Years Day) on changes in body weight, body fat percentage (BF%), and blood pressure (BP) in adults. Methods: A total of 148 subjects (age 18-65y) were evaluated in November (baseline) and January (follow-up). Data collected at each visit included height, weight, BF%, BP, and resting heart rate (HR). In both visits, subjects were evaluated at the same time of day wearing a hospital gown, were instructed to refrain from vigorous exercise for 12 hours, and fasted for 4 hours prior to testing. BF% was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: From baseline to follow up visits, there were significant increases in body weight (0.78±1.28kg), BF% (0.52±2.27%), systolic and diastolic BP (1.84±10.10mmHg and 2.32±14.20mmHg, respectively), and HR (2.32±11.52bpm). When analyzed by body mass index category, obese subjects showed a significantly greater increase in BF% from November to January compared to normal weight subjects (p < 0.02) and trended for a difference compared to overweight subjects (p= 0.09). Conclusions: Adult subjects showed an average increase in body weight of 0.78kg between baseline and follow-up visits. If these subjects gain the national average of 1kg per year, up to 78% of annual weight gain could be attributed to the holiday season. Additionally, obese subjects may be most at risk as they showed the greatest increases in BF%.Item Effects of electrical stimulation and lesions of rostral fastigial nucleus on baroreceptor sensitivity and autonomic responses to transient changes in arterial blood pressure(Texas Tech University, 1986-08) Chen, Chu-huangNot availableItem The hypotensive effects of conventional non-fat dairy products : the role of arterial stiffness(2014-08) Machin, Daniel Robert; Tanaka, Hirofumi, Ph. D.High consumption of dairy products, particularly non-fat dairy, is associated with reduced risk of high blood pressure and vascular dysfunction. Currently, it is not known if the solitary addition of conventional non-fat dairy products to the normal routine diet is capable of reducing blood pressure or improving vascular function. Accordingly, the primary aims of the present study were to determine if the solitary addition of conventional non-fat dairy products to the normal routine diet would reduce blood pressure and improve vascular function in middle-aged and older adults with elevated blood pressure. Using a randomized, crossover intervention study design, forty-nine adults with elevated blood pressure underwent a High Dairy condition (+4 servings/day of conventional non-fat dairy products) and isocaloric No Dairy condition (+4 servings/day fruit products) in which all dairy products were removed. Both dietary conditions lasted 4 weeks with a 2-week washout before crossing over into the alternate condition. In Study 1, the High Dairy condition produced reductions in brachial systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. The hypotensive effects were observed within three weeks after the initiation of dietary intervention and in both casual seated and ambulatory (24-hour) measurements. On the contrary, pulse pressure was increased after removal of all dairy products in the No Dairy condition compared to baseline and after in the High Dairy condition. There were no changes in diastolic blood pressure after either dietary condition. In Study 2, the High Dairy condition produced reductions in carotid systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity with a concomitant increase in brachial flow-mediated dilation and cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity. Brachial flow-mediated dilation decreased and carotid pulse pressure increased after removal of all dairy products in the No Dairy condition. Furthermore, [delta] carotid systolic blood pressure and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were highly related. Taken together, we concluded that the solitary manipulation of conventional dairy products, particularly non-fat dairy, in the normal routine diet would modulate levels of blood pressure and vascular function in middle-aged and older adults with pre-hypertension and hypertension.Item Impact of blood pressure perturbations on arterial stiffness(2015-08) Lim, Jisok; Tanaka, Hirofumi, Ph. D.; Brothers, Robert MAlthough the associations between chronic levels of arterial stiffness and blood pressure (BP) have been fairly well studied, it is not clear if and how much arterial stiffness is influenced by acute changes in BP. The primary aim of this study was to determine magnitudes of BP-dependence of various measures of arterial stiffness during acute BP perturbations. Fifty apparently healthy subjects, including 25 young (20-40 years) and 25 older adults (60-80 years), were studied. A variety of BP perturbations, including head-up tilt, head-down tilt, mental stress, isometric handgrip exercise, and cold pressor test, were used in order to encompass blood pressure changes induced by physical, mental, and/or physiological stimuli. Arterial stiffness measures included cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), arterial compliance (AC), elastic modulus (EM), arterial distensibility (AD), beta-stiffness index, and young's modulus (YM). When each index of arterial stiffness was plotted with mean blood pressure, all the arterial stiffness indices, including CAVI (r=0.50), cfPWV (r=0.51), baPWV (r=0.61), AC (r=-0.42), EM (r=0.52), AD (r=-0.32), β-stiffness index (r=0.19), and YM (r=0.35) were related to mean BP (all P<0.01). Changes in CAVI, cfPWV, baPWV, and elastic modulus were significantly associated with changes in mean BP in the pooled conditions. Changes in AC, AD, β-stiffness index, and YM were not significantly related to changes in mean BP. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that blood pressure changes in response to a various forms of pressor stimuli were associated with the corresponding changes in arterial stiffness indices and that the strengths of associations with BP varied widely depending on what arterial stiffness indices were examined.Item Spironolactone to treat hypertension in end-stage renal disease : analysis of effectiveness and safety(2013-05) Smith, Amber Lanae; Koeller, JimPurpose: Cardiovascular events and complications are the major causes of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)¹⁻³. Antihypertensive agents that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are considered first-line therapy in patients with ESRD as these patients have a propensity for RAAS overactivation⁴⁻⁷. Studies show that aldosterone receptor blockade reduces BP in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and helps prevent negative outcomes from continued renal cellular damage⁸⁻¹⁰. Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, has the potential to provoke hyperkalemia. Consequently, current guidelines do not recommend spironolactone to manage hypertension in ESRD because of this risk⁶⁻⁷. Our primary objectives were to determine the change in BP and serum potassium levels following spironolactone use. Methods: This study was a retrospective, pre-post cohort study in ESRD patients with difficult-to-control BP receiving HD. Patients prescribed spironolactone (25 mg to 50 mg) between January 2009 and January 2013 were identified using an e-prescribing record from three HD clinics in San Antonio, TX. Patients were included if they were prescribed spironolactone as 'add-on' therapy to control BP for at least 8 weeks. Results: Seventy patients were evaluated and the majority of them were overweight, diabetic, Hispanic females with a mean 65 years of age. Mean SBP and DBP decreased from baseline to week 8 [-20.74 mmHg (p < 0.0001) and -9.7 mmHg (p < 0.0426), respectively]. Mean serum potassium levels increased by an average of 0.18 mEq/L (4.5 mEq/L to 4.68 mEq/L, p = 0.09). Data analysis revealed that only 9 of 70 patients had a serum potassium level > 5.5 mEq/L at week 8. There were no adverse cardiac events reported as a result of these potassium concentrations. A two-fold decrease in SBP was seen in patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m² compared to patients with a BMI of ≤ 25 kg/m². At the end of the study, 23 patients (33%) achieved the goal BP for healthy adults of < 140/90 mmHg. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that using spironolactone use in ESRD patients receiving HD can be effective and safe.Item The role of the central nervous system in the regulation of mean arterial pressure during endotoxin shock(Texas Tech University, 1980-08) Janssen, Herbert FrederickNot available