Browsing by Subject "Bangkok"
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Item An analysis for promoting residential-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) in Bangkok, Thailand(2015-12) Chaianong, Aksornchan; King, Carey Wayne, 1974; Beach, Fred C; Pharino, ChanathipSolar Photovoltaic (PV) has a significant potential for distributed energy in the urban environment of Bangkok, Thailand in order to decrease the country’s reliance on imported conventional energy and enhance the country’s energy security. This research analyzes the technical, economic and policy analysis of installing 3,000 MW (Thailand’s solar PV goal) of residential solar PV in Bangkok using System Advisor Model (SAM) and also compares each analysis to large-scale load (e.g. manufacturing). In technical analysis, the relationship of distributed solar energy and electric load from the grid is analyzed. While the residential load and peak solar irradiance are not correspondent for residential scale, generating electricity from 3,000 MW of solar PV can still decrease residential daily load consumption from the grid by 38 percent. On the other hand, the distributed of solar energy and large-scale load are well matched. As a result, the large-scale peak load can be reduced by 16.7 percent from 3,000 MW solar installation. Regarding to economic analysis, the levelized cost of energy of residential scale is higher than large scale. Without tariff, costs of solar electricity are higher than grid price. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce solar tariff to encourage people to install solar PV. Throughout solar project’s lifetime, with current Thailand’s solar incentives (Feed-in Tariff; FIT), solar project investments of both scales seem feasible from financial perspectives under Thai’s government cost assumptions. In addition, due to the increasing urbanization rate and typical land use of Bangkok, residential solar PV seems to be the better candidate. However, some technical and policy barriers remain, such as the lacks of skilled manpower, policy mix, and financing options as well as the inconsistence of governmental support. It is essential for Thai government to overcome these barriers in order to create sustainable growth of solar PV in the country.Item The effectiveness of jobs-housing balance as a strategy for reducing traffic congestion: a study of metropolitan Bangkok(Texas A&M University, 2006-10-30) Lobyaem, SonchaiBangkok is widely known for its severe traffic congestion. The Thai government advocates the concept of jobs and housing balance (JHB) as a strategy for reducing traffic congestion in Metropolitan Bangkok. The basic idea is to decentralize the jobs to the neighboring provinces so that the commuters would live closer to their workplaces and thereby alleviate traffic congestion. The main purpose of this research is to examine empirically the effectiveness of JHB in reducing the severity of traffic congestion in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. For this purpose, three data sets derived from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region Extended City Model (BMR-ECM) were obtained from the Office of the Commission for the Management of Land Traffic and the National Statistical Office of Thailand. Travel time index (TTI) was developed to measure congestion. In addition to JHB, a number of land use variables were included in the analysis. They are population density, school density, and job accessibility index. Multiple regression models of TTI as functions of JHB and other variables were estimated at two geographic scales: subsector and traffic analysis zone (TAZ). The study finds JHB is significant in influencing congestion levels in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Other influential factors include the population density, school density, and job accessibility. All of these factors are found to be statistically significant in explaining the variation of traffic congestion at the traffic analysis zone level, but not at the subsector level, however.