Browsing by Subject "Balance"
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Item A comparison of posture control: typically developing children vs. children with ADHD(2006-05) Aranha, Karen M.; Roncesvalles, Maria N. C.; Dornier, Lanie A.; Boros, Rhonda L.The purpose of this study was to investigate posture control and gross motor performance of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (N=13). Two groups of male participants were studied: younger (6-10 years of age) and older (11-14 years) ages. The specific objectives were: a) to compare performance of children with ADHD without (OFF) and with (ON) medication, b) to compare ADHD participants to age-matched typically developing (TD) peers (N=12), and c) to examine the relationship between balance and motor skills in both groups. The variables derived from the Sensory Organization Test (Neurocom balance Master) were the following balance indices: equilibrium scores (EQ), sensory ratios (SOM, VIS, VEST), and peak anterior-posterior center of pressure (COP) velocities. The variables used from the Test of Gross Motor Development were locomotor (LOC) and object manipulation (OBJ) scores. The results indicated that regardless of age there was a significant difference between the ADHD OFF and ON conditions for the ADHD group, with higher EQ scores (better balance) obtained in the ON condition. No significant differences were found between the ADHD (OFF/ON) and the TD groups, however age main effects were observed for each of the dependent variables when the ADHD OFF condition was compared to the TD group. Regardless of group membership older participants had better balance indices compared to the younger participants, reflecting a developmental effect. This also indicates similar developmental profiles for both the ADHD and the TD groups. A moderate correlation was evident between balance and LOC motor skills in the TD group, but not in participants with ADHD (OFF condition). Overall, the results indicate: a) use of medication improved the composite balance index (EQ), b) children with ADHD had comparable posture control and gross motor skills to their TD peers, and both groups followed the same developmental trajectory, and finally, c) that there is a moderate relationship between balance and LOC skills with the TD group, which was not evident in the ADHD group.Item A comparison of posture control: typically developing children vs. children with ADHD(Texas Tech University, 2006-05) Aranha, Karen M.; Roncesvalles, Maria N. C.; Dornier, Lanie A.; Boros, Rhonda L.The purpose of this study was to investigate posture control and gross motor performance of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (N=13). Two groups of male participants were studied: younger (6-10 years of age) and older (11-14 years) ages. The specific objectives were: a) to compare performance of children with ADHD without (OFF) and with (ON) medication, b) to compare ADHD participants to age-matched typically developing (TD) peers (N=12), and c) to examine the relationship between balance and motor skills in both groups. The variables derived from the Sensory Organization Test (Neurocom balance Master) were the following balance indices: equilibrium scores (EQ), sensory ratios (SOM, VIS, VEST), and peak anterior-posterior center of pressure (COP) velocities. The variables used from the Test of Gross Motor Development were locomotor (LOC) and object manipulation (OBJ) scores. The results indicated that regardless of age there was a significant difference between the ADHD OFF and ON conditions for the ADHD group, with higher EQ scores (better balance) obtained in the ON condition. No significant differences were found between the ADHD (OFF/ON) and the TD groups, however age main effects were observed for each of the dependent variables when the ADHD OFF condition was compared to the TD group. Regardless of group membership older participants had better balance indices compared to the younger participants, reflecting a developmental effect. This also indicates similar developmental profiles for both the ADHD and the TD groups. A moderate correlation was evident between balance and LOC motor skills in the TD group, but not in participants with ADHD (OFF condition). Overall, the results indicate: a) use of medication improved the composite balance index (EQ), b) children with ADHD had comparable posture control and gross motor skills to their TD peers, and both groups followed the same developmental trajectory, and finally, c) that there is a moderate relationship between balance and LOC skills with the TD group, which was not evident in the ADHD group.Item Integration and quantification of uncertainty of volumetric and material balance analyses using a Bayesian framework(Texas A&M University, 2005-11-01) Ogele, ChileEstimating original hydrocarbons in place (OHIP) in a reservoir is fundamentally important to estimating reserves and potential profitability. Quantifying the uncertainties in OHIP estimates can improve reservoir development and investment decision-making for individual reservoirs and can lead to improved portfolio performance. Two traditional methods for estimating OHIP are volumetric and material balance methods. Probabilistic estimates of OHIP are commonly generated prior to significant production from a reservoir by combining volumetric analysis with Monte Carlo methods. Material balance is routinely used to analyze reservoir performance and estimate OHIP. Although material balance has uncertainties due to errors in pressure and other parameters, probabilistic estimates are seldom done. In this thesis I use a Bayesian formulation to integrate volumetric and material balance analyses and to quantify uncertainty in the combined OHIP estimates. Specifically, I apply Bayes?? rule to the Havlena and Odeh material balance equation to estimate original oil in place, N, and relative gas-cap size, m, for a gas-cap drive oil reservoir. The paper considers uncertainty and correlation in the volumetric estimates of N and m (reflected in the prior probability distribution), as well as uncertainty in the pressure data (reflected in the likelihood distribution). Approximation of the covariance of the posterior distribution allows quantification of uncertainty in the estimates of N and m resulting from the combined volumetric and material balance analyses. Several example applications to illustrate the value of this integrated approach are presented. Material balance data reduce the uncertainty in the volumetric estimate, and the volumetric data reduce the considerable non-uniqueness of the material balance solution, resulting in more accurate OHIP estimates than from the separate analyses. One of the advantages over reservoir simulation is that, with the smaller number of parameters in this approach, we can easily sample the entire posterior distribution, resulting in more complete quantification of uncertainty. The approach can also detect underestimation of uncertainty in either volumetric data or material balance data, indicated by insufficient overlap of the prior and likelihood distributions. When this occurs, the volumetric and material balance analyses should be revisited and the uncertainties of each reevaluated.Item Investigation of Data Quality for Wind Tunnel Internal Balance Testing(2013-04-04) Hidore, John PrestonAchieving high quality, consistency, and testing efficiency in wind tunnel tests using internal balances is accomplished through the use of new testing methods, analysis of data output, and standardized documentation of test procedures at the Texas A&M Low Speed Wind Tunnel. The wind tunnel is capable of performing internal balance testing on models that experience less than 500 pounds of normal force. Testing has shown less than a 3% mean flow variation with the sting mount installed and a turbulence intensity of less than 0.25%. Documentation of procedures and check- lists for installation of internal balance testing equipment and test execution provide higher efficiency and consistency during a test. A step-by-step examination of the data analysis routines and associated uncertainty equations show uncertainty in the force and moment coefficients for the Mark XIII internal balance to be approximately ? 0.05 and ? 0.02, respectively. Quantifying the uncertainty of the primary output parameters and showing repeatability of the data within the defined uncertainty limits achieved higher quality results.Item Methodology for creating human-centered robots : design and system integration of a compliant mobile base(2012-05) Wong, Pius Duc-min; Sentis, Luis; Deshpande, AshishRobots have growing potential to enter the daily lives of people at home, at work, and in cities, for a variety of service, care, and entertainment tasks. However, several challenges currently prevent widespread production and use of such human-centered robots. The goal of this thesis was first to help overcome one of these broad challenges: the lack of basic safety in human-robot physical interactions. Whole-body compliant control algorithms had been previously simulated that could allow safer movement of complex robots, such as humanoids, but no such robots had yet been documented to actually implement these algorithms. Therefore a wheeled humanoid robot "Dreamer" was developed to implement the algorithms and explore additional concepts in human-safe robotics. The lower mobile base part of Dreamer, dubbed "Trikey," is the focus of this work. Trikey was iteratively developed, undergoing cycles of concept generation, design, modeling, fabrication, integration, testing, and refinement. Test results showed that Trikey and Dreamer safely performed movements under whole-body compliant control, which is a novel achievement. Dreamer will be a platform for future research and education in new human-friendly traits and behaviors. Finally, this thesis attempts to address a second broad challenge to advancing the field: the lack of standard design methodology for human-centered robots. Based on the experience of building Trikey and Dreamer, a set of consistent design guidelines and metrics for the field are suggested. They account for the complex nature of such systems, which must address safety, performance, user-friendliness, and the capability for intelligent behavior.