Browsing by Subject "Auditory perception"
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Item A study of the performance on auditory processing tests and Conners rating scale as discriminates of children having attention deficit-hyperactive disorder(Texas Tech University, 1995-08) Ormson, Kerry D.Attention Deficit-Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is plagued by numerous definitional and diagnostic problems. The symptoms of ADHD do not appear to form a unitary dimension which is demonstrated by the DSM-IV in which categories of behavior are presented as various identifiers related to specific behaviors , i.e., inattentive, impulsive, or hyperactive, which can be given to a child diagnosed as having ADHD. The relationship of ADHD to other disorders such as auditory processing disorder (APD) have not been addressed by DSM criteria. However, some researchers believe a close relationship does exist between ADHD and APD. This study examined the relationship of observed behaviors of children having ADHD and their performance on an auditory processing test battery, the SCAN test. The behaviors of the children were rated by their parents using the Conners Rating Scale, parents version (CRS). The CRS rates a child's level of hyperactivity from "average" to "very much above average." A t-score of 70 or above is interpreted as "very much above average." Conners offers no additional interpretation of t-scores higher than 70. The study found that children having ADHD who had CRS scores greater than 89 also had SCAN test performance scores that were poor enough to cause them to also be diagnosed as having APD. This finding suggests that there is a co-morbid relationship between ADHD children having high behavior rating scale t-scores and poor auditory processing performance. The impUcation of the study is that children who perform poorly on the SCAN test and have high CRS t-scores above 89 should be considered as having APD are at an extreme risk for having co-occurring ADHD. Additional implications for educational considerations can be given to this group of children in regards to managing APD and ADHD in the classroom and at home.Item Auditory constraints on infant speech acquisition : a dynamic systems perspective(2003-05) Von Hapsburg, Deborah; Davis, Barbara L. (Barbara Lockett)Item Auditory localization under spatial disorientation(Texas Tech University, 1997-05) Rosiles, Socorro ArmidaTwo tasks sharing common resource demands are time-shared less efficiently than two tasks with non-overlapping demands (Wickens, Sandry. & Vidulich, 1983). Thus, a possible method for improving operators' efficiency and performance in the visually demanding cockpit environment is to utilize percepmal systems other than vision for communicating important information like aircraft attimde (Forbes, 1946). Current advances in audio research provide a possible solution for alleviating the heavy workload currently imposed upon the visual system of the pilot. Auditory signals are currently used for many types of information for the aircraft pilot. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional auditory cues are of particular interest because information can be processed by a pilot without the use of visual processing. The use of three-dimensional audio signals is particularly intriguing as it provides a means of providing spatial information in an auditory rather than visual modality. Thus, it would appear that the use of auditory cues for assisting spatial orientation in aircraft tasks could be very beneficial. Several investigations conducted thus far have explored the use of three-dimensional auditory information as an alternative or complementary addition to visual displays (Deartherage, 1972; Doll, Gerth, Fugleman & Folds, 1986, Endsley & Rosiles, 1995). A primary advantage of implementing three-dimensional auditory displays is that they assist listeners in monitoring and identifing sources of information from different locations, not just the direction of gaze (Wenzel. Wightman & Foster 1988). Funharmora, three-dimensional auditor} spatial information could be used to direct the pilots attention in locating critical events in the flight environment. Perrott, Sadralodabai, Saberi. and Strybel (1991) reported that three-dimensional aurally guided visual search for a target in a cluttered display is superior to unaided visual search, even for objects in the central visual field. Three-dimensional auditory technology increases information available to the pilot without requiring visual fixation by providing greater bandwidth than non localized auditory cues. When visual fixation is required, a directional sound can provide the listener with a more rapid cue as to where to aim his or her eyes or head (Jones & Kabanoff. 1975). Thus, auditory spatial cues, in conjunction with the other senses, can act as potentiators for information in a display. For instance, visual and auditory cues together can reinforce the information content of a display and provide a greater sense of presence or realism in a manner not readily achieved by either modality alone (O'Leary & Rhodes 1984; Warren, Welsh & McCarthy, 1981). This namral aural directional cueing should decrease the excess demands placed upon the visual modality, reduce display clutter, and also alleviate cognitive attention to process and extract meaning from coded formats (Doll, Gerth, Engleman & Folds, 1986).Item Evaluation of distortion products produced by the human auditory system in response to two-tone signals(2003-08) Bhagat, Shaum P., 1968-; Champlin, Craig A.A preponderance of experimental evidence indicates that signal distortion is a by-product of normal auditory function. During the simultaneous presentation of two tones, intermodulation distortion products can be measured acoustically in the ear canal and electrically as auditory evoked potentials detected by electrodes placed on the scalp. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the sources of nonlinearity within the human auditory system responsible for generating the quadratic difference tone (QDT) and the cubic difference tone (CDT). Three experiments were conducted during the investigation. During the first experiment, measurements of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions and auditory evoked potentials were obtained from 24 normal-hearing adults (12 male, 12 female) in conditions with and without presentation of a contralateral noise. The effects of two-tone signal duration and mode of presentation (monotic vs. dichotic) on measurements of auditory evoked potential distortion products were examined in the second and third experiments. The results of the first experiment indicated that overall, both acoustic and electric distortion products were suppressed during presentation of a contralateral noise. However, suppression of acoustic distortion products was dependent on the sex of the subject, with males exhibiting greater suppression than females. Suppression of electric distortion products was dependent on the frequency of the two-tone signals and on the type of distortionproduct, with greater suppression for low-frequency signals and at the CDT compared to the QDT. The second experiment revealed that increases in the duration of the two-tone signals caused increases in the amplitudes of both CDT and QDT distortion products. However, differences in the rate of growth between CDT and QDT distortion products were observed. The results of the third experiment demonstrated that the proportion of individuals exhibiting both CDT and QDT distortion products was greater in the monotic condition compared to the dichotic condition. The findings from the first experiment of the investigation supported the conjecture that a cochlear nonlinearity produced CDT acoustic and electric distortion products. Evidence from the second and third experiments concerning the origin of the QDT distortion-product was inconclusive, and contributions from both cochlear and neural nonlinear sources could not be ruled out.Item Psychoacoustic analysis of the normal audiometric region in noise-induced hearing loss subjects(Texas Tech University, 1983-05) Selent, Leslie AnnAlthough only a few studies have shown evidence of damage to the lower audiometrie region in subjects who have permanent hearing loss as a result of noise, these efforts have not involved discriminating psyehoaeoustie tasks. Thus, the present research was undertaken to assess low-to-mid frequency auditory function in NIHL subjects. Specifically, four indices of audition more sensitive to auditory perceptive function were utilized to address the question: Does auditory dysfunction occur in the normal audiometrie region in subjects displaying noise-induced hearing loss?Item Sex differences and hormone influences on auditory processing of communication signals in the green treefrog, Hyla cinerea(2007-12) Miranda, Jason Anthony, 1978-; Wilczyński, W.; Ryan, Michael J. (Michael Joseph), 1953-In animal communication, individuals within a species often vary widely in their behavioral responses to species-typical signals. These variations in behavior may be due to differences in the sensory processing of communication signals. Sensory processing of behaviorally relevant stimuli is likely to be influenced by reproductive hormones. Here I report investigations on the influence of sex and reproductive condition on auditory processing in the green treefrog, Hyla cinerea. I conducted electrophysiological experiments that tested how sex and reproductive condition influence the neural representation of sounds in the auditory midbrain, the torus semicircularis. I found differences between and within the sexes that were both frequency-dependent (low vs. high frequency) and stimulus-dependent (tones vs. calls). For sex differences at auditory threshold, females were less sensitive to frequencies outside the spectral range of the male advertisement call and were not different from males inside the range. Sex differences were also stimulus-dependent with females more sensitive to the advertisement call than males. For stimuli consistent with close-range communication, I tested whether or not sex differences in response strengths to advertisement call and noise stimuli depended on the reproductive state of the female. I found that in response to low frequency stimuli postmated females had significantly reduced response strengths compared to males and unmated females. Additionally, I tested whether circulating reproductive hormones influenced auditory processing by manipulating androgen levels and assessing neural thresholds and response strengths to auditory stimuli. Elevated androgen levels in females resulted in increased thresholds and reduced response strengths but only in response to stimuli that are consistent with species-typical communication. Together the evidence from these studies suggest that sex and reproductive hormones influence auditory processing in a way that shapes the filtering properties of the auditory system for the detection of communication signals.Item The Auditory and Visual Sequencing of Good and Poor Spellers(Texas Tech University, 1971-12) Davidson, Roseanna C.Not Available.Item The effects of a rhythmic auditory stimulus on mentally retarded children(Texas Tech University, 1974-05) Malyon, Alan KentNot availableItem The Effects of Augmentative Communication vs. Natural Speech Discourse Presentations on Ratings of Communicative Effectiveness and Intelligibility by Typical Listeners(Texas Tech University, 2001-05) Sparks, Kelly AThis study investigated the communicative effectiveness and speech intelligibility of a speaker with severely impaired speech. Adult normal subjects viewed one of four video dips depicting an individual with a speech impairment having a conversation with a normal-speaking individual in four different modes: 1) unaided speech; 2) speech combined with natural gestures; 3) speech combined with alphabet and topic supplementation; and 4) electronic voice output communication aid with no natural speech. Subjects rated communicative effectiveness on a 7-point interval scale. Subjects were also instructed to transcribe the conversation. Speech intelligibility was measured from transcription data. Results of this study indicated that there was a significant effect (p<.01) for communication modes. Percent intelligibility scores for the voice output communication aid were significantly superior (p<.01) to that of the unaided speech condition, speech combined with alphabet and topic supplementation, and speech combined with gestures. Results also indicated that the ratings of communicative effectiveness were significantly higher (p<.01) for the voice output communication aid condition than for the other modes of communication. These findings support the hypothesis that the use of a technological communication system will increase the communication success and opportunities of an individual with a severe speech impairment.