Browsing by Subject "Attitude (Psychology)"
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Item A method for tracing attitude formation: mediating effects of experience, need, choice, and feedback(Texas Tech University, 1989-05) Graham, Matthew PaulThe search for moderators of the attitude-behavior relationship has led to the investigation of variables affecting attitude formation. The current study investigated four such variables (experience, consolidation, choice, and feedback) suggested to affect attitude strength/ accessibility. Reaction time was used as a measure of attitude strength. Subjects were exposed to four novel and distinct tasks and then responded to evaluative questions about the tasks in a reaction time task. Following the reaction time task, subjects completed a questionnaire wherein reaction time data were also collected. It was hypothesized that: 1) direct experience would produce stronger, more accessible attitudes than indirect experience; 2) consolidation cues would induce attitude formation while the lack of such cues would reduce the need for an attitude; 3) providing choice in task experience order would increase attitude accessibility, enhancing both experience and consolidation effects when compared to no choice conditions; 4) feedback, as opposed to no feedback, would increase personal involvement and enhance the experience manipulation; and 5) reaction time would decrease as subjects responded to repeated attitudinal inquiries. The data from the reaction time task generally failed to support the hypothesized main effects of the four independent variables as related to attitude accessibility. Reaction time data from the questionnaire revealed a three-way interaction for Time X Experience X Choice. The Experience X Choice interaction was significant only for the first attitudinal expression. Subjects with indirect experience responded significantly slower than direct experience subjects under conditions of no choice. A three-way interaction for Experience X Consolidation X Choice was found for subjective confidence in one's attitude toward the tasks. Subjects hypothesized to express greater attitude accessibility reported higher levels of confidence. Major implications of the study include the need for further research into what constitutes direct and indirect experience and how to operationalize these different levels, and the reconceptualization of attitude consolidation as a process of gradual boundary definition over expressions rather than as a single expression phenomenon. Attitude formation is described in terms of working memory versus long-term memory processes. The roles of choice and feedback in attitude formation are discussed.Item A study of personality factors and attitudes of the working associates of the blind toward the blind(Texas Tech University, 1967-08) Soho, Susan SilviaThe purpose of this study is to investigate attitudes toward the blind as projected by fellow employees in the work situation. The job is a major part of the life of each person, and the atmosphere there has particular importance for the individual with a disability. An understanding of the attitudes toward the blind held by their sighted working associates will aid the professional personnel working toward the rehabilitation of the blind to gain more insight into the problems of the client in work adjustment. This knowledge of attitudes will also be of value in planning programs of public education and information as well as rehabilitation for the blind. Such a study may also lead to a better understanding of the relationship between various personality variables and attitudes held toward the blind.Item A study of the attitudes of mothers of blind children as compared with the attitudes of mothers of non-blind children(Texas Tech University, 1958-08) Patterson, Robert GeraldNot availableItem A Study of the effects of uncertainty on the "adequacy-importance" version of the linear compensatory attitude model(Texas Tech University, 1976-12) Patterson, Larry TrumanNot availableItem A study of the secondary principal's influence on the development of teachers' attitudes(Texas Tech University, 1970-05) Leslie, Ernest C,Not availableItem An analysis of the relationship between open-closed belief-disbelief systems and security-insecurity(Texas Tech University, 1972-05) Montgomery, Peter Samuel,Not availableItem Attitude and behavior change in couples as a function of communication training(Texas Tech University, 1978-05) Stafford, Richard RaymondNot availableItem Attitude change as a function of personality, ego-involvement, and transparency of the influence attempt(Texas Tech University, 1971-08) Mintz, Stanley IrvingNot availableItem Changing student attitudes through literature study(Texas Tech University, 1967-08) Roden, DoniveeNot availableItem Demographic characteristics and their relationship to attitudes toward abortion(Texas Tech University, 1978-05) Ross, Debora AnnNot availableItem Distraction task categories and attitude change.(Texas Tech University, 1974-08) Jackson, Thomas TerryNot availableItem Effects of mental imagery training upon self-attitude(Texas Tech University, 1979-05) Patrizi, Fredric MarkNot availableItem The meaning of mocking : stylizations of Asians and preps at a U.S. high school(2007-05) Chun, Elaine Wonhee, 1973-; Walters, Keith, 1952-; Zhang, Qing, doctor of linguisticsItem Parent-child interaction training: the influence of adult affect on child behavior and attitude(Texas Tech University, 1987-08) Magin, AndrewConduct disorder, generally defined as noncompliance, is the disorder for which most children are referred to mental health professionals. An effective therapeutic method for treating conduct disorder children is Parent-Child Interaction Training (PCIT). PCIT's goal is to teach parents skills that enhance the relationship between them and their child. Researchers have begun examining the variables that contribute to the efficacy of this approach. It has been found that maternal depression is one variable that significantly affects the outcome of PCIT. Depressed mothers are less satisfied than nondepressed mothers with the effects of treatment on their child’s behavior and demonstrate less improvement in the necessary behavioral skills after completing PCIT. Research also suggests that children are sensitive to and responsive to the emotional states of their parents. Despite the growing evidence that affect influences treatment outcome, few researchers have studied the relationship of these variables to child behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of adult affect on child behavior and attitude. The study was based upon an analogue model with a between-group post-test design. Adult nonverbal behavior was manipulated to create a positive affect condition and a flat affect condition. Children were matched for age and gender and sequentially assigned to one of the two conditions. It was hypothesized that children in the positive affect condition would interact more affectionately with an adult and would rate the adult more positively than the children in the flat affect condition. Results of Analyses of Variance did not support hypothesis one: adult affect did not influence child behavior. T-test analyses did support hypothesis two: children rated the adult more positively in the positive affect than in the flat affect condition. These findings are discussed in terms of previous PCIT literature and implications for future research.Item Racial attitude and receptivity to attitude change as a function of integrated experience.(Texas Tech University, 1975-12) Burtis, Thomas R.Not availableItem Relationship exclusivity and extrarelationship involvement: perceptions, determinants and consequences(Texas Tech University, 2000-08) Boekhout, Brock AlanThere has been considerable debate about the positive and negative effects of engaging in exclusive versus nonexclusive relationships. This has led researchers to ask what level of relationship exclusivity partners can or should expect from each other and why people engage in exclusive and nonexclusive activities and relationships. Previous studies have shown that many couples possess vague expectations about what they should and should not share or experience with persons outside their committed relationship. Although many people believe that activities that include sexual behavior should remain exclusive to a relationship, they seem to be less certain about which types of nonsexual behaviors are acceptable to share in other relationship domains. People's perceptions of their infidelity as well as their partner's infidelity, and the attributions they make about these involvements, also seem to have important implications for the outcome of the primary relationship. The Relationship Issues Scale that emerged from this study explored participants' attitudes/values and expectations/behaviors regarding exclusivity and nonexclusivity. It also examined their perceptions of their exclusive and nonexclusive relationships. Analyses showed that participants who were female, high in emotional jealousy, low in permissiveness, high in sexual communion, and high in relationship satisfaction were more likely to favor exclusive relationships and behaviors. In addition, participants had limited communication about these issues and had potential for conflict about the acceptability of various nonexclusive behaviors. Although they thought some behaviors were wrong, this belief did not seem to stop them from engaging in such behaviors. Thus, the effects of engaging in exclusive and nonexclusive relationships seem to be quite complex.Item Relationship factors in the counseling dyad(Texas Tech University, 1976-08) Norman, William BarryNot availableItem Relationships between beliefs, attitudes, intentions and participation in an hypnotic induction: an examination of two models of estimating future behavior(Texas Tech University, 1988-08) Copley, James WFishbein and Ajzen (1980) proposed a "value expectancy model" of attitude formation postulating that the sum strength of our beliefs and their concurrent, affective evaluation of the beliefs, combine to determine attitudes toward performance of an action. The attitude then influences our intentions to perform the act and that intention has a direct influence upon our behavior. They stated that a limited number of beliefs were needed to estimate attitude. Bagozzi (1981) suggested that their model failed to allow for the complexity of the relationship between beliefs and behavior. Two models were submitted which proposed that attitudes had a more direct influence on behavior than simply influencing intention and that past behavior had a major influence on future behavior. That contention was also supported by research by Bem (1972), who forwarded the theory that attitudes were determined primarily by previous behaviors and beliefs and attitudes were influential only to the extent that some behavioral history was limited or nonexistent. This author proffered a factorial model based on previous models and research which had contradicted Fishbein and Ajzen's model. Given the intricate relationship between behavior, attitudes and beliefs, an action with low probability of prior performance was sought. Copley (1981) found less than one percent of sampled students had any experience with hypnosis. He reported strong positive correlations between attitudes and sequelae experienced following hypnosis and other procedures. Therefore, hypnosis was chosen as the target behavior. Results of this study indicated that beliefs were multi-dimensional with seven factors related to hypnosis. Two meta-factors emerged. The primary meta-f actor was based on fears and negative events while the secondary one involved neutral and positive events. Findings only partially supported the Fishbein and Ajzen model. Primary beliefs comprised the second factor and correlated highest with measures of attitude and intention. The additive model did not result in relationships as predicted in all cases but provided estimates of attitude equal to the factorial model. Relationships between beliefs, attitudes, intentions and behavior decreased as distance between variables increased, which was also supported the additive model. Anomalies in the results provided support for the factorial model. The presence of multiple dimensions, some of which had stronger relationships with intentions, also supported the factorial nKxiel. Conclusions suggested that anomalies provided greater error variance and conversely made the tests more conservative. Outcomes were suggested to be indicative of important statistical and methodological implications for future research. These included differing results in relationships dependent on whether parametric or nonparametric analyses were used.Item Social evaluation theory: an explanation for both antecedent and consequent findings in forced compliance research.(Texas Tech University, 1974-05) Berren, Michael RobertNot availableItem Social support as a moderator between the relationship of parental status of women in dual-earner families and marital adjustment(Texas Tech University, 1997-12) Graham, Carolyn W.The Triple ABCX Model (Anderson et al.. 1993) and the Stress Buffering Hypothesis (Cohen & Wills, 1985) were used in guiding the examination of moderating effects of social support on the relationship between parental status and marital adjustment in dual-eamer women. As predicted, dual-eamer women without children reported higher levels of marital adjustment when compared to dual-eamer women with children. Contrary to predictions, the social support network size was not associated with the level of marital adjustment. However, fdings did support the hypothesis that women with children who reported lower social exchange support (affective and instrumental) were the most vulnerable compared to the other groups. Findings also indicated that affective exchange was an influential dimension of social support, whereas instrumental was not. Implications and limitations of the research were also discussed.