Browsing by Subject "Animal nutrition"
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Item Availability of selected amino acids in sorghum(Texas Tech University, 1976-05) Copelin, Johnny LandonNot availableItem Effect of micronization temperature on the nutritive value of sorghum(Texas Tech University, 1978-08) Shiau, Shi-yenNot availableItem Extruded grain supplement used in an equine diet formulated for growing horses(Texas Tech University, 1998-08) Sherwood, Dawn MThe processing methods for horse feeds have stayed relatively constant for many years. Horse feeds are commonly high quality and high priced. These high quality feeds are needed for proper growth, maintenance, and performance. If a feed process could be developed to make grain more easily utilized by the horse, it could significantly reduce feed costs. Extrusion is a high heat process, which cooks and breaks down starch and protein bonds within the grain. Studies have shown extrusion to make nutrients more readily available to cattle and swine. The first phase of this study was performed to determine whether a dry extrusion process had beneficial effects on a mixed grain horse diet for ten, 2-50' old Quarter Horse fillies. The diet consisted of a sweet grain mix containing 23.3% com (ZeaMaysL.), 23.3% oats (Avena sativa I ) , 2.5% molasses, 0.6% trace mineral premix, and 0.4% Vitamin E supplement. The control diet was the grain mix non-extruded. The treatment diet was the grain mix, which was extruded. Alfalfa hay {Medicago sativa L.) was fed at 50% of the total diet. The experiment was a replicated crossover design with five fillies per treatment. There was a 13-d adjustment period prior to a 5-d collection period for each of two trials. During trial 1, the control diet was more digestible (P<.05) than the extruded diet and was higher (P<.01) in apparent absorption of CP than the extruded diet. However, during trial 2, the extruded diet was higher (P<.0001) in apparent absorption of CP and was higher (P<.01) in dry matter digestibility (treatment by trial interaction (P<.05)). The apparent absorption of Ca was consistently greater (P<.05) in fillies fed the extruded diet, particularly during trial 2. The second phase of this experiment was to determine whether extrusion temperature has an effect on the nutritive value of the sweet grain mix. The nutritive value was reduced as the extrusion process caused the NDF and ADF levels to increase from the non-extruded meal to the extruded product; furthermore, the TDN of the extruded product was reduced in comparison to the non-extruded meal. This experiment, as a whole, suggests that extrusion of com and oats had no obvious benefit of feed utilization or nutritive value for an equine diet formulated for growing horses.Item Fatty acids as a nutrient protector for ruminants(Texas Tech University, 1976-05) Donatti, Francisco CarlosNot availableItem The effects of whole cottonseed on performance, carcass characteristics, and shedding characteristics of Escherichia coli O157 by finishing beef steers(Texas Tech University, 2003-12) Cranston, Jacob JohnOne hundred twenty crossbred beef steers (initial body weight = 230.3 ± 18.0 kg) were used to determine the effects of whole cottonseed (WCS) supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, and the prevalence of Escherichia coli 0157 in the feces and on hides at slaughter of finishing beef steers. The three dietary treatments included: (1) a standard finishing diet (STD); (2) a diet containing 15.10% whole cottonseed (WCS): and (3) a whole cottonseed equivalent diet (EQU) formulated to contain percentages of fat and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) equal to those in the WCS diet. Cattle were on feed for an average of 120 d. A randomized complete block design was used with pen as the experimental unit (eight pens/treatment). Results reported here are for the period from d 0 to slaughter. A difference among treatments was detected for dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.056). Steers fed the WCS diet consumed more feed than steers fed the STD or EQU diets (P < 0.091). No differences were detected among treatments for average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.521), carcass-adjusted ADG (P = 0.305), or feed efficiency, expressed as feed:gain. (P = 0.225); however, a difference was detected among treatments for carcass-adjusted feed efficiency (P = 0.009). Separation of the treatment means revealed that cattle fed the STD treatment used feed more efficiently (P < 0.01) on a carcass-adjusted basis than steers fed the WCS or EQU diets. No differences (P > 0.10) were detected among treatments for hot carcass weight, fat thickness at the 12"' rib, longissimus muscle area, percentage of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, liver abscess score, and USDA yield and quality grades. Differences were detected among treatments for dressing percent (P = 0.061) and marbling score of the longissimus muscle (P = 0.058). Steers fed the STD diet had higher dressing percents (P < 0.058) than steers fed the WCS and EQU diets. Additionally, steers fed the STD diet had higher marbling scores (P < 0.081) than steers fed the WCS and EQU diets. No differences were detected (P > 0.229) among treatments for the presence of £. coli 0157 detected at any sampling period during the study. These results indicate that unless an adjustment is made for total dietary fiber, finishing cattle fed a diet containing supplemental WCS will likely consume more feed and gain similarly to cattle fed a standard finishing diet. These data also indicate that WCS will likely have no effect on the prevalence of £. coli 0157 in beef cattle.Item Utilization of Ammoniated Roughages by Ruminants(Texas Tech University, 1972-05) Maben, Benny GNot Available.