Browsing by Subject "Alcoholism -- Treatment"
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Item A semantic differential measurement of caregivers' attitudes toward the alcoholic(Texas Tech University, 1973-05) Algeo, John DerisNot availableItem Prediction of treatment outcome of chronic alcoholics in a state hospital.(Texas Tech University, 1963-08) Viaille, Harold D.Not availableItem Psychological reactance among alcoholics in treatment(Texas Tech University, 1986-12) Tucher, John JosephPsychological reactance is a form of negativism (or resistance) in the presence of perceived threat to one's freedom to perform a specific behavior or hold a specific attitude. The purpose of this study is to extend the theory of reactance to a clinical setting by considering reactance to be a potentially important variable in the treatment of alcoholism. Reactance to a treatment message that threatened freedom to drink and prior demonstration of such freedom were examined in an alcoholic population. Subjects were 112 male military personnel undergoing a 6-week inpatient alcoholism treatment program at the Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland, and assigned randomly to one of four experimental conditions (n = 28). The experimental design was a 2 (Threat/No-Threat) x 2 (Prior- Demons t rat ion/No Prior-Demonstration) Completely Randomized Factorial. In order to facilitate this study, the Psychological Reactivity Scale (PRS) was developed to investigate individual differences in manifested reactance. Other instruments included four well-established personality scales, two essay blanks differing in prior-demonstration potential, two short paragraphs differing in level of threat, a 12-point Likert rating scale measuring degree of reactance, and a counselor rating form. Procedures involved administering the PRS and the four personality scales on Day One, with all manipulations occurring on Day Two. Alcoholism counselors rated each subject along five dimensions of treatment on Day Three. The major finding of the present study is the significant correlations between reactivity (assessed by the PRS) and related personality constructs. All correlations ranged between absolute values .27 and .33 (£S < .01). A personality profile of the highly reactive individual is described with reference to these related constructs. Suggestions to improve the validity of the PRS are discussed, with special attention to refining its psychometric basis. Results of analyses of variance failed to support the major hypotheses that alcoholics react to treatment demands that threaten drinking behavior, and that a prior demonstration of attitudinal freedom to drink can attenuate this reactance. Possible explanations for these negative results are discussed, along with suggestions for future research that would circumvent the limitations inherent in this study.Item Relationship of alcoholic subtypes to treatment outcome(Texas Tech University, 1985-05) Roberts, Samuel JosephThe present study represents an extension of previous research on alcoholic personality subtypes and their response to treatment for alcoholism. Alcoholics, in the present study, were subtyped according to the presence or absence of coexisting psychiatric syndromes similar to those described in DSM III (APA, 1980). The Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview (Othmer, Penick & Powell, 1981) was used to diagnose alcoholics and three prominent subtypes were identified. These included Primary alcoholics (with no history of psychiatric syndromes), Depressed alcoholics (with a history of major depression) and Antisocial alcoholics (with a history of antisocial personality). These three subtypes were then compared on their response to treatment for alcoholism. Subjects in the present study were 84 male veterans who participated in a traditional 28 day inpatient treatment program for alcoholism. Subjects in each subtype were compared on a variety of treatment outcome measures one year following treatment including post-treatment alcohol consumption, social-occupational functioning, emotional problems and health care problems associated with drinking. Results indicate that Primary alcoholics experienced fewer emotional and health care problems following treatment than other subtypes. No differences between subtypes were found for post-treatment alcohol consumption or social-occupational functioning. The present findings suggest that alcoholics with no psychiatric history may respond more positively to treatment for alcoholism than alcoholics who exhibit significant psychopathology such as major depression or antisocial personality disorder. Results of the present study also indicate that the presence or absence of coexisting psychopathology may be an important moderator variable that may have a significant influence on response to treatment among alcoholics.Item The association between sex roles and recovery from alcoholism in women(Texas Tech University, 1983-05) Ducote, D'AnnThe purpose of the present study was to examine sex roles across three groups of women: nonalcoholics, practicing alcoholics, and recovering alcoholics. The participants in the study were 63 white, college educated women between the ages of 18 and 35, identified as either androgynous, undifferentiated, masculine or feminine. Additionally, the recovering group was asked to retrospectively evaluate themselves as to their sex roles when they were still drinking. A systems model was used to explain the recovering group's transition from- active alcoholism, to recovery, and then to androgyny. The results indicated no significant differences among the three groups on sex role designation that were pertinent to the study; however, the nonalcoholic group did prove to be somewhat more feminine than the other two groups. Significant differences were reported between the current and retrospective sex roles of the recovering group, a difference which revealed that 17 were undifferentiated in their retrospective accounts and only five were undifferentiated in their current accounts. Additional results indicated that the systems model used was helpful in explaining the recovering alcoholic's reorientation from active alcoholism to sobriety though not to androgyny. Discussion of the results emphasized the need to utilize the recovering alcoholic as a means through which to understand the effects of alcoholism and recovery from it. Furthermore, it is suggested that this group be utilized in studying not only alcoholism and sex roles but other interpersonal and intrapersonal issues such as developmental and psychosocial processes that can be affected by alcoholism. Discussion of the results also suggested the use of the systems model as a valid conceptualization of the recovering alcoholic's reorientation process.Item The differential effectiveness of two styles of presenting rational-emotive-therapy to internal and external alcoholics(Texas Tech University, 1979-05) Christensen, Phillip WayneNot availableItem The effects of an inpatient alcoholism treatment program, with two variations, on measurements of depression, hopelessness, loss and grief(Texas Tech University, 1983-05) McGovern, Thomas F.Not availableItem The Effects of Marathon Therapy on Personality Traits of Hospitalized Alcoholics(Texas Tech University, 1971-12) McWilliams, Sheldon ThomasNot Available.Item Treatment of female alcoholics: a question of sexism(Texas Tech University, 1980-05) Brown, Leslie Kim HarpNot availableItem Treatment of female alcoholics: a question of sexism(Texas Tech University, 1980-05) Brown, Leslie Kim HarpNot availableItem Use of locus of control and self-efficacy to predict outcome in alcohol treatment(Texas Tech University, 1992-12) Margolis, David AAlcohol misuse is undoubtedly one of the most significant drug problems confronting this nation today. Unfortunately, the attrition rates from various alcohol treatment programs range from approximately 13% to 39% with an average of 28% (Baekeland & Lundwall, 1975). Thus, it is important to identify those factors that are predictive of treatment outcome in an alcohol and drug abuse program (ADAP) which could ultimately lead to a reduction in dropout rates. The present study examined two social-learning constructs, namely locus of control (Rotter, 1966) and self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977), in terms of their ability (both independently and together) to predict successful completion of an ADAP. A number of other variables including self-deception/impression management, depression, and demographic factors were analyzed. It was hypothesized that individuals with relatively higher self-efficacy and a more internal locus of control would be more likely to complete treatment successfully. In addition, it was hypothesized that locus of control would correlate negatively with self-efficacy. Finally, self-efficacy was predicted to be a stronger predictor of treatment success than locus of control. A sample of 150 patients admitted to a 30-day ADAP in a west Texas state hospital were administered measures of self-efficacy, locus of control, depression, and self—deception/impression management plus a demographic questionnaire. Although locus of control was correlated negatively with self-efficacy, it was the unsuccessful treatment group which demonstrated relatively higher self-efficacy as well as a slightly more internal locus of control (opposite of what was predicted). While some of the self-efficacy factors were stronger predictors of treatment success than locus of control, other self-efficacy factors were not as strong. Interestingly, the unsuccessful group also had higher scores in self-deception and impression management. This latter finding was given as one possible explanation for the unexpected results. Another possibility for these findings might lie in the fact that the self—efficacy instrument employed in this study is fairly new and has yet to undergo rigorous validity testing. Finally, the overall utility of these constructs for making predictions regarding successfully completing complex tasks was examined.