Browsing by Subject "Aerobic exercise"
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Item Chronic and acute effects of hydroxytyrosol on antioxidant status and inflammation at rest and during exercise(2012-05) Simpson, Ashlee Danielle; Ivy, John, 1945-; Farrar, Roger P.Evidence shows that consumption of a Mediterranean diet can lower the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality suggesting that this diet has an overall effect on health. Antioxidants found within olive oil, the primary source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, may be leading contributors to the decreased disease risk. More specifically, hydroxytyrosol (HT), one of the most active and powerful antioxidants found in olive oil, has the ability to increase total antioxidant status and lower levels of lipid peroxidation. In addition to a healthy diet, physical activity decreases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, aerobic exercise of sufficient intensity or duration can induce oxidative stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of HT supplementation on antioxidant status and markers of inflammation in healthy, recreationally active males before and throughout acute aerobic exercise bouts. Using a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures, placebo-controlled design, sixty-one (n=61) participants were randomly assigned to consume a placebo (PLA), low dose of HT (LHT, 50 mg/day), or high dose of HT (HHT, 150 mg/day). Throughout the course of the study, the participants performed four time trial rides (TT1-TT4) on cycle ergometers. TT1 occurred before supplementation, TT2 halfway through the supplementation period, and TT3 and TT4 occurred in the sixth week and final two days of supplementation. Blood was drawn prior to (pre) and just before termination (end) of each time trial to measure markers of antioxidant status and inflammation during exercise. We did not observe significant main effects for treatment on any of the markers for antioxidant status (TEAC) or for markers of inflammation (oxLDL, CRP, 8IP, TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, or IL-1ra). Significant treatment-by-time interactions occurred for CRP, 8IP, and IL-6 although significant treatment differences in these measures were not detected. We conclude that chronic and acute HT supplementation does not improve antioxidant status nor decrease markers of inflammation in this population at rest, during, or following exercise.Item Exercise training and sleep quality in young adults from the training interventions and genetics of exercise response (TIGER) study(2014-12) Harp, Celina Jeanne; Bray, Molly S.Study Objectives. Sleep is regulated by internal mechanisms that respond to environmental cues. Physical activity is one external cue that can affect sleep. It has been suggested that exercise affects sleep in a variety of ways, including influencing neurotransmitter levels and altering circadian rhythms. The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported sleep quality both before and after a well- defined exercise protocol. Design, Setting, and Participants. The TIGER study involves a 15-week aerobic exercise intervention conducted in young adults (n=2,027, mean age 21.8 ± 5 y). Participants were required to engage in 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at 65-85% maximal heart rate reserve three times/week. Multivariate regression was used to identify factors associated with sleep quality and duration. Measurements and Results. Multiple measures of body size/composition, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) were obtained on all participants. Sleep quality and duration were accessed via a condensed sleep quality profile (SQP). Prior to exercise, age (p<0.001), gender (p<0.008) and overweight/obesity status (p<0.001), but not race/ethnicity, were all significantly associated with SQP score. Age (p<0.002), and race/ethnicity (p<0.05) were significantly associated with sleep duration, with African Americans and Hispanics having significantly shorter sleep times compared to non-Hispanic whites. SQP score was not significantly different following chronic exercise training. Conclusions. Although overweight/obesity groups had significantly different sleep quality scores before and after exercise, sleep quality did not change for subjects after 15 weeks of aerobic exercise intervention.Item Habitual aerobic exercise and smoking-associated arterial stiffening(2014-05) Park, Wonil; Tanaka, Hirofumi, Ph. D.The largest percentage of mortality from tobacco smoking is cardiovascular-related. It is not known whether regular participation in exercise mitigates the adverse influence of smoking on vasculature. The purpose of this study is to determine if regular aerobic exercise is associated with reduced arterial stiffness in young men who are cigarette smokers. Using a cross-sectional observational study design, the sample included 78 young men (22±5 years) with the following classification: sedentary smokers (n=12); physically active smokers (n=25); sedentary non-smokers (n=20); and physically active non-smokers (n=21). Arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). There were no group differences in height, body fatness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. As expected, both physically active groups demonstrated greater VO2max and lower heart rate at rest than their sedentary peers. The sedentary smokers demonstrated greater baPWV than the sedentary non-smokers (1,183±33.5 vs. 1,055±25 cm/sec). baPWV was not different between the physically-active smokers and the physically-active non-smokers (1,084±26 vs. 1,070±28.6 cm/sec). Chronic smoking is associated with arterial stiffening in sedentary men but a significant smoking-induced increase in arterial stiffness was not observed in physically active adults. These results are consistent with the idea that regular participation in physical activity may mitigate the adverse effect of smoking on the vasculature.