Browsing by Subject "Adolescents."
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Item Associations between sleep and memory in a clinical sample of obese children and adolescents.(2014-09-05) Passanante, Natalie M.; Limbers, Christine A.; Psychology and Neuroscience.; Baylor University. Dept. of Psychology and Neuroscience.Today more than one third of U. S. children and adolescents are classified as overweight or obese. While interventions have produced short term improvements in weight status, treatment effects are infrequently maintained. Standard interventions may not be well-suited for the cognitive profile associated with obesity, which is characterized by impaired executive functioning. The literature on memory consolidation during sleep suggests that sleep problems associated with obesity may contribute to this cognitive profile in ways that have yet to be elucidated. The present study examined the associations between sleep and multiple indices of memory in a clinical sample of 45 obese children and adolescents. Sleep was assessed from both child and parent perspectives. Memory was evaluated using the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, Second Edition (WRAML2). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that sleep duration and sleep quality explained the most variation in visual memory abilities. The results underscore the importance of early intervention in childhood obesity and illuminate the importance of targeting sleep as a component of weight loss interventions.Item Testing a mediation model of parental bonds, attachment anxiety, media internalization, and body dissatisfaction in a female adolescent and young adult sample.(2012-11-29) Patton, Sarah C.; Benedict, Helen Elizabeth, 1946-; Psychology and Neuroscience.; Baylor University. Dept. of Psychology and Neuroscience.Body image dissatisfaction emerges disturbingly early in females, as young as age 5 for some girls. During adolescence, body dissatisfaction predicts numerous adverse outcomes, including depression, suicide attempts, and disordered eating. Lamentably, the developmental trajectory of body image dissatisfaction is unclear; the literature needs an integrative etiological model to explain how developmental risk factors interface with sociocultural pressures. I investigated the role of parent-child bonds, friendship and romantic attachment anxiety, and media internalization in promoting body dissatisfaction. I recruited females ages 12-24 from a mid-sized religious university, a small religious school grades 5-12, and four religious youth groups in a southern city to complete self-report measures. The participant sample was ethnically diverse, with approximately 40% endorsing non-White ethnic status. Results showed that mother care and father care were negatively linked to friendship attachment anxiety. Father care was negatively linked to romantic attachment anxiety. Friendship and romantic attachment anxiety were positively linked to media internalization. Media internalization was positively linked to body image dissatisfaction. Mother care and father care were negatively, indirectly linked to body image dissatisfaction through the mediators of attachment anxiety and media internalization. Mother care made a significant, albeit small contribution to body image dissatisfaction after controlling for other variables. I interpreted the results within the framework of Cheng and Mallinckrodt (2009), who proposed that poor quality parental bonds, via the mechanisms of heightening romantic attachment anxiety and media internalization, increase body dissatisfaction. Furthermore, a modified model in which friendship attachment anxiety replaced romantic attachment anxiety provided an even better theoretical fit. My findings may help bridge a critical gap in the literature between developmental and sociocultural conceptualizations of body dissatisfaction. Additionally, my findings suggest that attachment-focused therapies may prevent and reduce media internalization and body image problems among female youth.