Browsing by Subject "3D modeling"
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Item Computing transformation in an irregular teeth set(2011-12) Seshagiri, Naveen Krishnamoorthy; Crawford, Richard H.; Campbell, Matthew I.The research evaluates the feasibility of assisting orthodontists to treat irregularities in teeth by computing the transformations to move each tooth to its ideal position. The intent is to help orthodontists craft a precise and specific treatment plan for each patient. Computation of the transformations is achieved through the use of a reverse engineering package, Geomagic Studio, and a three dimensional modeling program, Rhino3D. The inputs for finding the transformation are the patient's teeth mold and dental arch templates. A 3D laser scanner is used to form a point cloud data representation of the patient's teeth mold. Geomagic is used to construct a Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline surface for the mold. Rhino3D is used to manipulate this surface and compute the required transformations using the scripting platform, Rhinoscript, in Rhino3D. The steps in the process and the algorithms developed in Rhinoscript to compute the transformations are discussed. Three case studies are presented to demonstrate the process.Item Lading of the Late Bronze Age ship at Uluburun(2012-08-29) Lin, Shih-Han SamuelThe Uluburun shipwreck was discovered in 1982 when a Turkish sponge diver informed the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) of his discovery of metal biscuits with ears. INA archaeologists recognized this as a description of oxhide ingots, a clear indication of a Late Bronze Age site. This find was of considerable interest as very little is known about seafaring, long distance trade, and ship construction during the Late Bronze Age, except for a glimpse provided by the Cape Gelidonya shipwreck excavated in 1960 by George Bass. The site at Uluburun revealed only a handful of disarticulated ship fragments; nevertheless, a meticulous study of these timbers and the distribution of the cargo and shipboard items on the seabed resulted in a hypothetical, but carefully guided, reconstruction of the ship and the lading of its cargo. The artifacts recovered from the Uluburun shipwreck are unlike those discovered on land in quality of preservation as well as the quantity found. Items pertinent to this study include 354 copper oxhide ingots (approximately 10 tons), 152 copper bun ingots (nearly 1 ton), 110 tin ingot fragments (approximately 1 ton), 175 glass ingots (approximately 0.3 tons), 150 Canaanite jars (approximately 2 tons if filled with water), 10 large storage jars (pithoi) (approximately 3.5 tons if filled with water), approximately 51 Canaanite pilgrim flasks, 24 stone anchors (3.3 tons), nearly 1 ton of ballast stones, and the hull remains itself. Two computer programs, Rhinoceros and PHASER, were used to visually model the artifacts and ship in three-dimensions and to systematically test various hull shapes and lading arrangements in a range of hydrostatic conditions. Tests showed that a hull measuring 15 x 5 x 2 m would be capable of carrying the estimated 20 tons of cargo and shipboard items recovered from the wreck at a draft of 1 m, with sufficient freeboard to allow six passengers to stand on one side of the vessel without compromising the stability of the ship.Item The Naval Architecture of Vasa, a 17th-Century Swedish Warship(2014-07-18) Rose, Kelby JamesThe Swedish warship Vasa sank in Stockholm harbor after sailing less than one nautical mile (1.85 km) on its maiden voyage in 1628. The hull was raised in 1961, and after a lengthy conservation and reconstruction process, went on display in a state-of-the-art museum in 1990. The hull is estimated to be 98% intact, making it the oldest intact wooden ship recovered to date. The recovery and remarkable preservation of the hull presents unparalleled archaeological research opportunities. This dissertation recovers and analyzes the methods of naval architecture used to design the hull of Vasa as evidenced in its intact structure. Digital 3D solid modeling software is used to virtually deconstruct the hull to facilitate a nuanced understanding of the design principles that guided the construction of the ship Although Vasa was a Swedish warship constructed in Stockholm, it was designed and built by Dutch shipwrights. In the early 17th century, the Dutch rose to prominence as the premier shipbuilders in Europe. The quality and character of Dutch-built vessels were renowned and Dutch shipwrights were hired to build the merchant fleets and navies throughout Europe. Limited scholarly attention has been given to the methods of naval architecture by which Dutch shipwrights designed their ships. Dutch shipwrights designed and built ships according to orally transmitted principles of design and therefore left little written evidence for their tradition of naval architecture. Vasa presents an unprecedented opportunity to examine the methods used by Dutch shipwrights to design large vessels as they are evident in an intact hull. The results of the analysis contained in this dissertation suggest that Vasa was designed according to proportional and arithmetical methods of naval architecture. The methods are identical or very similar to those described in Nicolaes Witsen?s 1671 treatise on Dutch shipbuilding. While many aspects of Vasa?s hull appear to be derived according to the tradition of naval architecture described by Witsen, certain significant deviations resulted in an atypically narrow hull. The methods of analysis in this dissertation, which highlight digital 3D visualization, mark an attempt to expand the range of analytic and explanatory tools available to nautical archaeologists in the 21st century.