This dissertation focuses on the family of printers and booksellers descended from Bernardo Calderón. The family was active in Mexico from no later than 1581 to 1817, and this study focuses on the period from 1628 to 1760 when they were the most prominent. The central question is to understand how they navigated the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, how they operated as a business concern, and how were they related to broader society in New Spain. Organized into six chapters, the first focuses on Calderón’s background in Alcalá de Henares and Seville, Spain. The second focuses on Calderón’s brief nine-year career in Mexico, followed by an examination of the first decade following his death when the press was led by his widow, Paula de Benavides. Chapter four focuses on the growth and expansion of the enterprise during the period from 1650 to 1685, followed by a discussion of the economics of the book trade during the viceregal period. The final chapter examines a period of intense competition from 1720 to 1760, during which the book trade in New Spain underwent fundamental changes.