Galois Groups of Schubert Problems

The Galois group of a Schubert problem is a subtle invariant that encodes intrinsic structure of its set of solutions. These geometric invariants are difficult to determine in general. However, based on a special position argument due to Schubert and a combinatorial criterion due to Vakil, we show that the Galois group of any Schubert problem involving lines in projective space contains the alternating group.

The result follows from a particular inequality of Schubert intersection numbers which are Kostka numbers of two-rowed tableaux. In most cases, the inequality follows from a combinatorial injection. For the remaining cases, we use that these Kostka numbers appear in the tensor product decomposition of sl2C-modules. Interpreting the tensor product as the action of certain Toeplitz matrices and using spectral analysis, the inequality can be rewritten as an integral. We establish the inequality by estimating this integral using only elementary Calculus.